The Economical Aspects of 3D Printing in Medical Practice: Cost-Benefit Analysis Across Cardiology, Neurosurgery, Imaging, and Urology

Abstract

3D printing technology has permeated the medical sector, promising transformative patient-specific interventions, ranging from surgical planning tools to tailored implants. This study undertook a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis to discern the economic viability of 3D printing in four distinct medical disciplines: cardiology, neurosurgery, imaging, and urology. Within cardiology, 3D models of patients' hearts, primed for surgical planning, showed potential in decreasing operation durations and associated complications. Although offset by initial printer costs and requisite training, these reductions suggest a promising long-term financial advantage. Neurosurgical applications revealed similar benefits, especially for intricate surgeries where tangible models can reduce uncertainties. Considering the high stakes in neurological procedures, where complications can incur exorbitant costs, the preliminary investment in 3D printing emerges as justifiable. The realm of medical imaging, too, witnessed pronounced benefits. Translating MRIs, CT scans, and ultrasounds into physical models not only enhanced diagnostic precision but also proved instrumental in patient-education, elucidating complex conditions. Yet, this is balanced by the ongoing material costs and image conversion software. Lastly, in urology, the advantages of 3D printing appear more situation-specific. While there's evident value in surgical planning for intricate kidney surgeries and crafting custom stents, widespread acceptance mandates unequivocal evidence of superior patient outcomes. The economic costs of introducing 3D printing in medical settings, though substantial, are often outweighed by its myriad benefits. As the technology matures and becomes more affordable, its adoption may present an even more favorable economic profile. Beyond tangible economic savings, the intangible benefits, such as amplified patient satisfaction and heightened surgeon assurance, further underscore the technology's potential worth.