Innovations in Electric Vehicle Technology: A Review of Emerging Trends and Their Potential Impacts on Transportation and Society

Abstract

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has gained significant momentum in recent years, driven by the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and achieve sustainable transportation. This study presents a comprehensive review of emerging trends in EV technology and their potential impacts on transportation and society. The study explores various areas of innovation in the field of EVs, including battery technology, wireless charging, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication, lightweight materials, autonomous driving, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, circular economy approaches, advanced charging infrastructure, energy storage, and social and behavioral innovations. This study reveals that battery technology advancements are driving the adoption of EVs. Lithium-ion batteries have improved energy density, charging speed, and lifespan. Alternative battery technologies, like solid-state and lithium-sulfur batteries, show promise for even higher energy density, faster charging, and increased safety. Wireless charging technology is emerging, with high-power and high-efficiency systems potentially addressing concerns about charging infrastructure and range anxiety. V2G communication allows EVs to serve as mobile energy storage units, contributing to grid stability, load balancing, and renewable energy integration. Lightweight materials, like advanced composites and lightweight metals, can significantly reduce the weight of EVs, improving energy efficiency and overall performance. Autonomous driving technologies have the potential to improve safety, reduce congestion, and optimize energy use. V2X communication enables a wide range of applications, like intelligent traffic management and enhanced safety features. Circular economy approaches, including designing EVs with recyclability and reusability in mind, using recycled materials in manufacturing, and developing end-of-life recycling and repurposing strategies, can minimize the environmental impact of EVs and contribute to their sustainability.